In vitro culture

In conventional plant breeding programs to create a new variety it takes 8 to 15 years depending on the species. It's very long, especially since the selection objectives may change with time: taste of the consumer, industrial constraints, market needs, diseases etc.

In vitro culture techniques are tools that can help the breeder plants at different levels of the improvement program, including reducing the time-to-market of new cultivars, but also to clean up the varieties retain and reduce production costs.
DEFINITION
 The in vitro plant cultures are explant cultures of plants, on a synthetic medium under sterile conditions in a controlled environment and in a small space.
Explants may be parts of organs or whole organs (stem, leaf, root, flower, etc.), fabric, floral pieces, seeds or embryos, buds or apex or meristem, of somatic and germ cells, protoplasts