The soil is
the outer layer of the earth's crust characterized by the presence of many
living beings.
It is the product of the interaction between rock, air, water
and living things. The formation of a soil is a long process: it takes 1 000 to
100 000 years according to the conditions to form a soil meter. So it is a
non-renewable resource on a human scale. But today the soil is threatened by
several degradation processes.
- · Soil compaction
- · Water erosion of soil
- · Wind erosion of soil
- · Soil salinization
- · The urbanization of agricultural land
- · Chemical pollution of soil
- · Hydromorphy
- · Soil depletion
All these
forms of degradation lead to performance loss and loss of soil fertility.
Hence the
need to conserve and manage soil sustainably.
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